2K22 Tunguska (RS-SA-19 Grison)

The 2K22 Tunguska is a Soviet/Russian self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon system designed to protect ground troops from low-flying aircraft, helicopters, and cruise missiles. It integrates both 30mm autocannons and 9M311 surface-to-air missiles on a tracked chassis, providing comprehensive air defense capabilities.

Development of the 2K22 began in the early 1970s to address the limitations of the ZSU-23-4 Shilka against emerging low-altitude threats like the American A-10 Thunderbolt II and anti-tank helicopters. Officially accepted into Soviet military service in 1982, the system introduced a highly effective dual-purpose capability to armored formations. The Tunguska saw its first major combat deployment during the First Chechen War, where it was frequently utilized for urban direct-fire support, and it has been extensively deployed by both sides in the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War. Today, the system remains in active service with several nations, though Russia is gradually replacing its older units with the modernized Pantsir-S1 system.