9K331/9K331ME Tor-M1/M2E (RS-SA-15 Gauntlet)

The Tor is an all-weather, low-to medium-altitude, short-range surface-to-air missile system designed for destroying airplanes, helicopters, cruise missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles and short-range ballistic threats (anti-munitions). Originally developed by the Soviet Union under the GRAU designation 9K330 Tor, the system is commonly known by its NATO reporting name, SA-15 "Gauntlet". A navalized variant was developed under the name 3K95 "Kinzhal", also known as the SA-N-9 "Gauntlet". Tor was designed to shoot down guided weapons like the AGM-86 ALCM and BGM-34 day and night, in bad weather and jamming situations. Tor can detect targets while on the move. The vehicle must stop intermittently when firing, although trials have been conducted with the goal of eliminating this restriction.

Developed in the late 1970s by the Soviet Union to replace the aging 9K33 Osa, the Tor system was designed to counter emerging threats like cruise missiles, precision-guided munitions, and low-flying aircraft. The base 9K330 Tor entered Soviet service in 1986, followed by the upgraded 9K331 Tor-M1 in 1991 and the modernized Tor-M2 variant in the late 2000s. The system has seen extensive combat deployment in various modern conflicts, including the Syrian Civil War, the Nagorno-Karabakh wars, and the Russo-Ukrainian War, where it has been heavily utilized to intercept unmanned aerial vehicles and guided rockets. Today, the Tor-M1 and M2E variants remain in active service with the Russian Armed Forces and have been widely exported to numerous nations, including China, Greece, and Iran, establishing a reputation as a highly effective point-defense system.