R-77 (RS-AA-12A Adder)

The R-77 (NATO reporting name AA-12 Adder) is a Russian medium-range, active radar-guided air-to-air missile. It is designed for engaging a wide range of aerial targets, from fighters and bombers to cruise missiles, in all weather conditions.

Developed in Russia by Vympel NPO, it entered service in 1994 as a successor to earlier Soviet air-to-air missiles, offering improved range and guidance.