122mm BM-21 Grad

The BM-21 Grad is a Soviet-era 122mm multiple rocket launcher designed to deliver a rapid, concentrated barrage of rockets against enemy positions. It typically consists of a 40-tube launcher mounted on a Ural-375D or Ural-4320 truck chassis, providing high mobility.

Developed in the late 1950s to replace the aging BM-14, the system was designed to provide division-level commanders with rapid, devastating area-denial fire support. It officially entered service with the Soviet Army in 1963. The Grad saw its combat debut during the 1969 Sino-Soviet border conflict and has since been deployed in numerous global conflicts, including the Soviet-Afghan War, the Syrian Civil War, and the ongoing war in Ukraine. As one of the most widely exported and copied artillery systems in history, it remains in active service with dozens of nations and continues to influence modern rocket artillery design.